Los Fondos Generacionales de las Afores
Para el próximo 13 de diciembre se espera desaparezcan las 5 Siefores que actualmente operan y, en su lugar, empiecen a operar 10 fondos generacionales por Afore. Con esto se busca que los trabajadores ya no brinquen automáticamente entre las 5 Siefores cuando cambien su rango de edad, como sucede actualmente, sino que permanezcan en el mismo fondo en que iniciaron, pero será éste el que vaya modificando la estrategia de inversión a lo largo de su vida, reduciendo gradualmente la exposición de activos de renta variable a activos de renta fija cercano al retiro. Los fondos generacionales agruparán a los trabajadores de acuerdo con su edad, en escalones de 5 años, empezando para menores de 25 años. Con ello se busca que la tasa de reemplazo de las pensiones (que es el porcentaje del último sueldo que representa la pensión) se incremente de 23% a 40% siempre y cuando las Afores aprovechen el esquema en su totalidad. Por ello el Banco de México pidió a la Consar que dichas modificaciones se lleven a cabo gradualmente para evitar cambios bruscos en las tasas de interés, con el propósito de garantizar la estabilidad financiera del país, que podría verse afectada por cambios masivos en los portafolios de las Afores.
Los fondos generacionales que sustituirán a las Siefores a partir de diciembre del 2019, utilizarán instrumentos estructurados, como Fibras, CKD´s y Cerpis, para invertir en carreteras, presas, proyectos de vivienda y otros granes proyectos para aumentar los rendimientos de las pensiones. Sin embargo, el éxito de este sistema dependerá de que se invierta en proyectos económicamente viables de infraestructura, que generen un retorno importante a las inversiones, y no en proyectos elegidos por razones políticas, que no tienen sustentabilidad económica en el largo plazo. El problema con este nuevo sistema es que se está pensando dejar al Gobierno la elección de los proyectos donde tendrán que invertir las Afores, lo cual es una fórmula segura para que los trabajadores terminen perdiendo sus ahorros para el retiro.
Hay que recordar que en cada AFORE existen cinco SIEFORES, cada una de acuerdo a la edad de los ahorradores: SB0 y SB1 para personas de 60 años y mayores; SB2 para personas entre 46 y 59 años; SB3 para personas entre 37 y 45 años, y SB4 para personas de 36 años y menores.
Sin embargo, con las modificaciones al Régimen de Inversión de las SIEFORES se propone un nuevo modelo: los Fondos Generacionales (Target Date Funds en inglés), los cuales buscan maximizar la tasa de reemplazo para los trabajadores y se prevé que estén listos en diciembre de este año.
Con la transformación al modelo de Fondos Generacionales ahora habrá 10 SIEFORES que acompañarán al trabajador durante toda su vida laboral, sin tener que cambiar de fondo, sino que éste se ajustará en el tiempo según las condiciones de mercado y la edad del trabajador. El régimen de inversión de cada trabajador se modificará cada cinco años y sus inversiones no cambiarán de manera abrupta. Esto hará que sus inversiones sean más congruentes con su ciclo de vida laboral y su perfil de ingresos a lo largo del mismo”, explica el funcionario.
En los 10 Fondos Generacionales se agrupará a los ahorradores en escalones de cinco años, con un fondo para menores de 25 años, seguido del fondo de 25 a 29 años y así sucesivamente hasta el de mayor edad, para trabajadores con 65 años o más.
¿Por qué se modifica el régimen de inversión de las SIEFORES?
La CONSAR señala que los cambios al régimen de inversión de las SIEFORES parten de los siguientes objetivos:
- Fomentar el diseño de una estrategia de inversión de largo plazo por parte de las Administradoras de Fondos para el Retiro (AFORES) que se adecúe a la evolución del perfil riesgo-rendimiento de los trabajadores durante su vida laboral.
- Ofrecer más alternativas de inversión en búsqueda de mayores rendimientos y, por ende, mejores pensiones para los trabajadores (mayor Tasa de Reemplazo).
- Otorgar mejores herramientas de defensa ante ciclos de volatilidad en los mercados.
- Realizar precisiones que otorguen certeza jurídica a los regulados.
Muy buena información, muchas felicidades.
Espero me ayudan con mi problema de mi AFORE. Nunca tuve Afore y fui a la de Banamex y me registré desde abril de este año y a la fecha no me dan mi estado de cuenta que necesito llevar para poder pensionarme y al meter mi CURP en AforeMóvil me dice que este dato está asociado con otra Afore
En la pagina de la consar indica que AFORE pertenece, aun cuando no haya asignado una, la Consar lo asigna en una automáticamente, una vez ubicada podrá verificar su tramite de pension, posiblemente en Banamex estén procesando el cambio a esa Afore, por eso es importante verificar en la página de la Consar en que Afore esta asignado para así comenzar el proceso de pensión con la Afore correcta.
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